Geforce 6800 Gt Oc Driver Download
Unfortunately, the publisher of this driver has not submitted any valid download links. Windows 7 64 bit BFG GeForce 6800 GT OC Graphics Card driver controller;.
Windows 8 BFG GeForce 6800 GT OC 256MB Graphics Card driver controller; Clicking on the download link above is an agreement that you understand these issues.
GeForce 6 Series
Option 1: Manually find drivers for my NVIDIA products.
Option 2: Automatically find drivers for my NVIDIA products.
The reviews are in for the GeForce 6800 GS.
In our testing, the GeForce 6800 GS completely outclassed its intended competitorIn most of our benchmarks, the GeForce 6800 GS outperformedby a double-digit margin. Thanks to its 256-bit memory interface and 500MHz memory, the GeForce 6800 GS really excels in comparison. - FiringSquad
To read more great reviews, click here.
The NVIDIA GeForce 6500, 6200, 6150 and 6100 GPUs feature a revolutionary design that delivers best-in-class performance on today s hottest games and applications. The only GPUs in their class to support Microsoft DirectX 9.0 Shader Model 3.0, these GPUs power the latest effects without compromising performance. Further, these GPUs include NVIDIA PureVideo to deliver crisp, vibrant video to the PC.
Found only on NVIDIA Motherboard GPUs.
Ensures top-notch compatibility and performance for all DirectX 9 applications, including Shader Model 3.0 titles.
NVIDIA PureVideo technology is a combination of the new GeForce 6 Series GPUs high-definition video processor and NVIDIA video decode software that delivers unprecedented picture clarity, smooth video, accurate color, and precise image scaling for all video content on any display.
Download drivers for NVIDIA products including GeForce graphics cards, nForce motherboards, Quadro workstations, and more. Update your graphics.
In our testing, the GeForce 6800 GS completely outclassed its intended competitor GeForce 6800 Ultra, 6800 GT, 6800 GS, 6800, and 6800 XT.
The reviews are in for the GeForce 6800 GS. In our testing, the GeForce 6800 GS completely outclassed its intended competitorIn most of our benchmarks, the.
Panasonic Dvc Windows 7 Driver
2016-01-06Important: endeavoring to correctly alter your drivers by employing the System device manager could harm the new device, and also induce your machine to fail to function properly. Occasionally critical harm might be generated to the Computer system, and in others simply a insignificant interruption in the right performance of the latest driver, or sometimes several of the older products. If striving to set up the drivers correctly you should make certain that this latest formation wouldn t colide with original found drivers. trying the driver installer commercial program stands out as the best alternative for anybody who is not really 100 confident you know the procedure and the way to back up your Computer system if there is a crash or conflict.check out these updated drivers:Teredo Tunneling pseudo interface,Microsoft Teredo Tunneling adapter,Microsoft virtual wifi miniport adapter,microsoft teredo tunneling adapter
Several challenges may trigger outdated Panasonic DVC USB Driver and also other driver, and the effected home pc is in danger of becoming slow or maybe rendered useless. Substandard drivers could possibly damage other drivers, so in case you begin to download Panasonic DVC USB Driver manually be aware to seek out other bad drivers in the process. Employing a driver scanner to automatically track down and swap all the faulty drivers at usual time intervals is becoming customary practice for laptop or laptop end users. All driver scanners coordinate their downloads effortlessly without requesting any assistance and with out requesting you to enter the driver details.
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Your on-line interaction and association rate could possibly be adversely affected by a defective driver, irrespective of the interconnection quality. Panasonic DVC USB Driver - windows 7 drivers manual installation guide zipPanasonic DVC USB Driver - windows 7 drivers driver-category list
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Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver newest driver for Windows 8 201425.10.201512570100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver most updated driver version for Windows 8 Pro 201427.11.201511371100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver free driver download for Windows 8 Enterprise 201428.11.20151125998 Interrupted DownloadPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver original driver for Windows RT 20144.11.2015301240100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver current driver for Windows 7 Starter 201421.12.2015574997 User NegligencePanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver basic driver for Windows 7 Home Basic 201414.8.20158662100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver premium driver download for Windows 7 Home Premium 20142.1.20168964100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver professional version for Windows 7 Professional 201430.12.20159373100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 Enterprise Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600 201412.12.20151179898 Interrupted DownloadPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver latest version for Windows 7 Ultimate 201413.11.2015256158100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver updated driver for Windows 7 Service Pack 1 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601.17514 20144.11.20158553100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver recommended driver for Windows Vista Starter 20145.1.20167046100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver newest driver for Windows Vista Home Basic 201420.10.201515811099 User NegligencePanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver most updated driver version for Windows Vista Home Premium 20145.12.201530127099 User NegligencePanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver free driver download for Windows Vista Business 20142.12.2015787498 Interrupted DownloadPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver original driver for Windows Vista Enterprise Microsoft Windows NT 6.0.6000.0 201423.11.20158267100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver current driver for Windows Vista Ultimate 201431.12.201511192100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver basic driver for Windows XP Starter Edition 201424.12.2015555298 Interrupted DownloadPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver premium driver download for Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops 201431.10.2015145111100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver professional version for Windows XP Home Edition N 20144.12.20152725100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows XP Professional 201416.10.2015148102100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver latest version for Windows XP Professional N 20149.12.20154239100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver updated driver for Windows XP Professional x64 Edition 20141.1.20166637100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver recommended driver for Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 20144.12.2015253136100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver newest driver for Windows XP Media Center Edition 201422.8.20153836100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver most updated driver version for Windows XP Media Center Edition 201422.8.20153836100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver free driver download for Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 20147.10.2015412596 Corrupted OSPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver original driver for Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 201424.11.20157049100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver current driver for Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 201424.12.20158858100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver basic driver for Windows XP 64-bit Edition 201423.11.20156846100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver premium driver download for Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 20144.12.2015253136100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver professional version for Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs 201414.12.201510870100 -
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Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 8March
2013Included in current bundle4100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 8 ProAugust
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2013Included in current bundle5100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 StarterOctober
2013Included in current bundle0--Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 Home BasicApril
2013Included in current bundle3100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 Home PremiumOctober
2013Included in current bundle3100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 ProfessionalMay
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2013Included in current bundle475 Interrupted DownloadPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 UltimateJune
2013Included in current bundle3100 -Panasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows 7 Service Pack 1 Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601.17514 July
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2013Included in current bundle366 Corrupted OSPanasonic DVC USB Driver Driver for Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004October
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Free download panasonic dvc usb driver windows 7 Files at Software Informer. P.
Windows driver: Panasonic DVC USB -SERIAL Driver COM3 - windows 7 drivers, Download driver: Panasonic DVC USB -SERIAL hitachi hard drive drivers; panasonic.
Microsoft Windows 7 Professional Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate This download is valid for the product s listed below.
Several challenges may trigger outdated Panasonic DVC USB Driver and also other driver, and the effected home pc is in danger of becoming slow or maybe rendered.
KORG USB-MIDI Driver for Windows. KORG USB-MIDI Driver for Windows is the latest USB MIDI driver. This Windows driver is compatible with Windows Vista Windows 7.
System Tools Device Assistants
The aggregate score based on the app s rating, number of users, and a number of other parameters closely linked to user satisfaction.
The best possible score is 10.
Panasonic dvc usb driver 64bit
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Ppjoy Driver Installation Failed
Main Page
Nov 07, 2009 Could you send me a mail at PPJoy.Driver gmail.com and describe your that will tell you whether the PPJoy install failed or possibly some problem.
Used To Manually Install A Device Drivers Ppjoy The program PPJoy will emulate your mouse input into a virtual joystick, customise multiple controllers and their.
Introduction What is PPJoy. PPJoy is a joystick device driver for Windows. PPJoy was originally designed for joysticks connected to the parallel port but it also.
Ppjoy Manually Install Drivers Windows 7 How to remove vJoy Manually Note: The following explanation is based on Windows 8 interface. How to in Windows 7 and earlier.
Here you will find detailed information and tutorials about awesome stuff, like how to hack games or create trainers
or how to connect wii remote to PC, if you wish to discuss any of that, use forum
You will not be able to edit and/or create new pages, unless I have decided that you can be useful.
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Donated money will be used to buy new games and hardware so that i can bring you better and more awesome videos, game trainers, tutorials and other awesome stuff :
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Simply use the search box on the left.
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Do not misspell or you will not find what you looking for.
If you looking for Cheat Engine, then do not type cheatengine. Type it, as it should be typed Cheat Engine
If you do not find what you looking for, use my forum and post into Requests subforum
If you are looking for a specific game hack, then easiest way to find it, is to search for game title or short title
for example tdu2 or test drive unlimited 2
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you should also make a page about yourself.
Try not to make long text areas, because human mind remembers and handles the text better in smaller chunks.
Always use exact titles like Cheat Engine not cheatengine or cheat engine
Before writing an article, use the search about 3-4 times to make sure that it has not been opened under other article. for example Cheat Engine already exist, but CheatEngine does not, so make sure not to make double article.
Use Level 2 Headline for explanations, like Tutorial part and such. it is that big A icon. or on both sides of article, is the sub-title..use right formatting.
Put your name under an article if it has not been finished, so others know who have wrote it and can contact you in case they need to.
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This Knowledge Database is for EDUCATIONAL, INFORMATIONAL and TESTING purposes ONLY.
I DO NOT provoke any hacking, cracking or any other illegal activity here. There are different forms of hacking. Game hacking is NOT illegal in any way, it can be considered as EDITING or MODDING not hacking.
EXPLOIT is NOT hacking or cracking in any way. Hacking does not count the game hacking and or editing.
Please DO NOT misunderstand the TERMS. ALL information, files, programs, images and videos found here are ONLY for EDUCATIONAL, INFORMATIONAL and TESTING purposes, it is not meant to be used against anybody or for stealing.
This Knowledge Database EDUCATES and INFORMS you of dangers, exploits and vulnerabilities that exist and helps you understand how they work and how to prevent those kind of things.
I DO NOT have any content that helps readers to hack into security systems. This Knowledge Database also DOES NOT contain any serials or cracks or any other illegal or copyrighted material, programs or anything else that is illegal or copyrighted.
ALL downloadable contents are freeware or trial and NOT protected by copyright. I do not take any responsibility for what visitors may do with this information found here.
Ppjoy Manually Install Device Drivers Read/Download Now can use this cable with T6sim soft and PPJoy program to get virtual Joystick, and Install the.
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Symptoms: The installation of an NVIDIA driver, such as the Display Driver, is shown to be in progress but then stops abruptly with a failure dialog.
Xp Home Stuck In Activation Loop
Aug 30, 2012 16 thoughts on Windows XP stuck at login screen in activation loop loop xp delete to safe mode with command prompt 1 click start click run.
Stuck in a Windows Activation Loop - Cannot login and get to desktop
Computer Hope Forum
Had a problem with the computer where it would not boot up Windows. It would show the Dell Logo and then go to a blank screen and never boot up. Found out that a sys file, mycgweh.sys, was preventing isapnp.sys from loading and hence preventing windows
xp from loading. Removed the sys file and was able to re-install windows xp.
When I tried to login, got a message this copy of windows needs to be activated. Went through the activation process by putting in the key and getting an installation id and a code. However, every time I try to login, I still get the same message this
copy of windows needs to be activated. If I try to activate it, I get a message in windows activation frame windows activated and I get logged out.
Have tried this in regular mode and safe mode and I get the same error.
Intermittently, I am also getting an error message:
The instruction at 0x77F69G5F referenced memory at 0x00000000. The memory could not be read.
Is this a Microsoft problem or potentially a virus problem. I had Microsoft Defender running on the machine before this happened.
Stuck in a Windows Activation Loop - Cannot was preventing isapnp.sys from loading and hence preventing windows xp Went through the activation process.
Feb 03, 2012 This works on either Windows XP Home or Professional. Windows XP Activation Loop It gets stuck in the Windows log-on screen. A.
Xp Home Edition Activation Stuck In A Loop. When you try to log on to a computer on which Microsoft Windows XP Professional or Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition.
Steve G. wrote: I got a message saying my grace period for activation has expired. But when I click to activate I get a message saying Windows is already.
I have the exact same problem.
A client dropped his netbook on the floor and had a cracked screen and a bad HDD. Replaced them both.
As he didn t have an installation disc, I used a Win XP Home OEM disc and used his product key during the setup. Everything went fine, as usual. I always do the exact same process with XP, Vista and 7. If the person has an OEM key it will activate from a OEM disc - even though it s not the one given by the manufacturer in this case, Toshiba. The only difference is that if doing this with Win7, you can t activate online and must call that phone number they give you at that wizard screen.
Anyways. My install was perfect. Everything went smooth and etc.
When it rebooted for the last time and asked to confim if I could see that box on the screen, the problem began:
I got a window saying that you must activate Windows before log on - Do you want to do this now. I select Yes and it offered me three options:
1 Yes, I want to activate online impossible as I didn t have the network drivers installed
I selected the option I want to telephone but the installation ID number was not there. I had a blank gap, with nothing on it. I called anyway and got the automated service. After pressing a million buttons on my phone, I got through a person who said he couldn t help because there is no installation ID. I had to call on Monday today is Saturday some other department in order to get help. That was not an option as I needed to return this laptop to my client tomorrow Sunday.
Whatever option I picked, would lead me to the same You must activate windows screen.
Somehow, after several reboots, it loged on. Don t ask me how, but it did.
Then, I installed all the drivers, without rebooting. When I rebooted, I got back to the same You must activate windows.
2 Installed Windows XP Professional
3 Cracked and made a few changes to the registry
4 I m just installing the lastest updates now.
I am so happy that I use Linux. So bloody happy. And I am even happier because Windows exists. Otherwise, computers wouldn t stop working and I d have no job at all.
Thank you Microsoft for being so incompetent. Without you, I d be starving without a penny in my pocket.
Honestly. If a guy from Microsoft offered me a copy of Windows 7 Ultimate for free, I wouldn t accept it. Windows has always been a piece of you-know-what. I m on Windows at this very moment, but it s only a virtual machine. Microsoft websites don t like Firefox very much and make everything difficult. They trully believe that IE is a good product.
Sorry for the rant, guys. I m not even from this forum but I get so stressed with this Microsoft stupidity that I had to shout at someone.
I have an Acer laptop with windows XP and office 2003.
It has a built in microphone which worked just fine before formatting the computer few days ago. Now it does not work anymore. It is a Realtek AC 97 type.
The speakers work just fine. Does anybody know what to do.
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
CC as usual is correct2 different steps
Just curious thoughis there a reason you need FAT 32. .
All generalizations are false, including this one.
I worded my last post wrong, I created a partition, then I reformatted it, EASEUS said that was successfull, but I still get the needs to be formatted error and if you look at the screenshot I posted it says its not formatted..
Just curious thoughis there a reason you need FAT 32. .
When I first got the drive it wouldn t work until I formatted it to FAT32.
Drive is defective, get RMA from Seagate.
Return Merchandise Authorization, truenorth
Thanx Jason, will give that a shot..
I have been having an issue with this graphics card I am using, something I have never came across before. This card Nvidia 8600GT used to work but randomly started doing this. I have tried this card in multiple machines since but I still get the same problem. I have a dual DVI graphics card and I can t get either DVI to work UNLESS I am using a DVI to VGA adapter. Once I have a VGA connection up it works as if there is nothing wrong. I have tried multiple monitors/TV s to diagnose this. Does anyone have any ideas. I ve changed setting in the BIOS the graphics card is set as default.
The onboard card on this MOBO has been acting up too, weird graphical glitches on the screen when there are a lot of images
If there is more info needed I will post a. NFO
OS Name Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate
Other OS Description Not Available
OS Manufacturer Microsoft Corporation
System Manufacturer BIOSTAR Group
Processor AMD Athlon tm II X4 630 Processor, 2800 Mhz, 4 Core s, 4 Logical Processor s
BIOS Version/Date American Megatrends Inc. 080015, 11/12/2010
Hardware Abstraction Layer Version 6.1.7600.16385
Installed Physical Memory RAM 8.00 GB
Total Physical Memory 7.97 GB
Available Physical Memory 6.45 GB
Total Virtual Memory 15.9 GB
Available Virtual Memory 14.4 GB
I am currently running WinXP Professional on my computer. I recently tried to add another monitor to my setup. My computer has several video card slots. One has a different connecter than all the rest. An NVIDIA Quadro2 Pro card occupies this slot. When I inserted a new card into one of the other slots and connected the new monitor properly, Windows boots and works fine. However, the new card is ignored by Windows. When I looked in Device Manager at the new card, it said The device could not start Code 10. I tried the same with a different new video card and the same thing happened. When I removed my standard card and only left the new one, Windows booted fine, sending video data to the new card and monitor. But when I put the old one in with it, the new card fails to start. Help.
You have to turn it on, Control Panel---Display
Windows doesn t see it unless it s the only video card. I can t turn it on from there.
I have already tried all the methods shown there.
1. My computer has several video card slots.
2. One has a different connecter than all the rest.
My PC is 4 years old. It has got 2GB RAM, 160GB HDD, Raedon HD 4600 PCIe series, CoolerMaster 550W running on XP SP2.
Recently, it shut down immediately after a cold boot. Sometimes it shut down before I could see the Desktop screen.
Since it kept shutting down, I thought that the problem might be caused by some corrupted core files of Windows XP, so I used True Image 10 to restore the system back to 2 years ago when everything ran very well. But the PC still shut down after the restoration of the system.
I had also used MeMTest86 to do the memory check, and the 2GB RAM passed the test.
Thank you so much for your time.
Last Edit: July 29, 2011, :30 AM by kwfine
Hi Guy s, will try to be as thorough as possible.
I have an Advent 9315 1.5 Duo Core
SiS mirage 3 376mb shared memory which does seem a little higher, hard to say though.
Win Vista 32bit SP2 version 6.0
OK, so I purchased 1x 2gb module from here
and installed it. The computer starts up fine with the module in.
However the new RAM is not showing in the BIOS or in windows experience index/DxDiag specs, I m still showing 1916mb in both.
Here s what I ve tried up to now.
Opened msconfig boot options advanced and maximum memory is unchecked already.
Looked in the BIOS but there are no options available for the RAM, just shows the 1916mb available
Tried a memory test on boot and no errors came back.
Tried refreshing the Windows experience index, nothing changed.
I ve been assured that swapping the modules over will have no effect. The second slot requires taking out the MB.
The site I purchased the RAM from also states that 4gb is the max RAM 3.2 or so available and that 2 similar modules are not required.
So that s where I m now stuck at. Tried reading through multiple threads on here and other forums, seems to be a problem for others as well but with no definitive answers.
Any help gratefully appreciated as always. Thanks in advance.
Alright, so basically, my boyfriend and I got in a fight, and he ripped my laptop in half, as in, the screen is completely disconnected from the bottom part.
I plugged his desktop monitor into it, and it worked fine, but my laptop no longer could pick up any wireless signal, or if it did, the signal was so weak I was unable to connect.
I took it apart, and tried to fix everything, but now the monitor won t work at all.
I am looking to buy a lap top for stock/share trading so need something fast and reliable. I also want to run 2 or 3 monitors off of it to show different graphs etc. Does it matter what size the lap top screen is if I want to have large monitors and how do I wire them up. My budget is about 800 for the lap top. I think that the ram is more important than the memory but please correct me if I am wrong
1st of all, RAM is another name for memory. 2nd, a laptop running multiple monitors may be difficult or impossible to find.
I would look for a laptop that had a 3 year next business day warrantee. Most brand name business laptops have a option to restore a backup to any model from that maker so if you want to change in a couple of years you can use the same windows and software on the new laptop. This is also important should the Laptop get stolen. Matrox make this unit that allows up to 3 monitors from 1 video out put.
And i have used this on a build for Flight simulator X and it worked very well.
The rules say that i can t push one make or model but if you have a laptop in mind please post the link for comment.
Hi Lisa Thanks for the info. The Matrox looks like a good bit of kit. I am thinking of buying either a Samsung R780 or a Samsung RF510 or maybe a Toshiba Satellite L775-11E. What do you think.
I think I d go with a desktop/tower system if I wanted multiple monitors. You just have more flexibility in video card choice to support multiple monitors with a desktop system.
Thanks Soyabean and Transfusion The reason I want a laptop is because I tend to only spend about 5 months in my home and the rest in a couple of other places. I hear what you say about the graphics card. which card on a lap top do you think is best. for my usage Also you say the i7 is overkill do you think the i3 is good for me or is i5 the best option. Thanks for your imput
the i7 is geared towards extremely CPU-intensive applications, say video encoding or photo editing, which will definitely put a strain on the battery life. Any graphics card with specs equal to or better than the Radeon HD 4350 will suit your needs.
The i5 is a good balance between price and power. The Asus X77 seems just about right.
I d recommend that you take a look at Lenovo ThinkPads, they are designed for business enviroments and are very robust and reliable. They are quite expensive but well worth it for the quality in my opinion.
my sound driver are not getting installed properly, dont know what may be the reason..after installation is donemessage appearsno audio device foundMSI motherboard
You mean font arial, helvetica, bitstream vera sans, clean, sans-serif MSI mainboard, VIA P4890M /font Chipset Based.
It would help if you posted your motherboard model, there is more than one MSI mobo out there with a P4890M Chipset.
How are you installing the driver. More info. is needed if this is a soundcard/brand or built-in. Also, did you reinstall your OS and the mobo driver after.
Re-install the MBoard chipset drivers from the MSI CD
How can I lower my CPU temperature.
And this is what Asus AiBooster tells when my PC is at idle after restart:
Give thanks upon thou who help thee the most on computerhope - Shakespeare
I applied the thermal paste as instructed in many websites/forums - a very thin even layer.
FYI, currently I remove the side cover casing i.e. it s totally exposed to the air ventilation of the room.
I m not sure whether putting any additional fans will help.
If I close the side cover, the CPU temperature would go up to around 90 deg.
Get readings from another app such as SpeedFanor Speccy.
The reason i suggested this extra fan is that it will create an air flow. Where at the moment you have stationary air in your room probably and the fan on the heatsink is just circulating the same air. With one fan on the front of the case, drawing air in, and one on the back pushing out, will give a wind tunnel effect and help remove hot air nicely.
Either that or run a desk fan into your open case until you get it sorted.
Hi Patio, Speedfan gives the same readings.
Hi Luke, there is a ceiling fan in my room so the air is not stationery, and my computer desk is almost directly under the fan.
Anyway, I ll get a fan and blow in directly on top of the CPU fan with the casing closed and see what I get.
Are you sure the airflow from the CPU fan is IN. I always thought it should be all OUT for any direct and passive cooling.
I can confirm my CPU and GPU fans are IN.
Is it just me, or is that FSB too high 800 MHz.
Hi Jason, yes, it s IN i.e. blow down.
As I understand from previous forum discussion, it seems that most fans blow down while some suck out.
All those I had used are blowing down.
I have an old laptop. About 4 years ago, the screen died, so I packed it away and forgot about it, planning to deal with it some day. I forgot completely that I even had the thing until someone asked me for an old family picture that was stored on it. There are several pics/videos on it that I would like to get back. In the past 4 years, I have moved 3 times, and the computer has spent a lot of time inside self-storage units and most recently, my storage shed. It s in a box, but I know it has gotten both extremely hot and extremely cold inside the buildings. No sun exposure though. This past week it was 100 degrees with a heat index of 115, and that got me to worrying. I still need to go through boxes and find the computer, but assuming I do this, I have no way of knowing if it works or not because the screen died long ago. Is it likely that data from the hard drive data will be recoverable after all this time and temp extremes, or is the data likely destroyed. I have no idea exactly how cold or how hot it s gotten within the storage facilities, but I have to assume below 0 and over 120. I am not concerned about the computer itself, as it was already broken. I just want my data back
Thank you Is it likely there is still data on there though. Or is it common for temperature extremes to cause the data to be lost. I m sorry, I just really know nothing about this.
I bought a new computer today, 8GB ram aprox 1.8 Tera space Said 6 GB ram and 1Tera space on specs though lol
Eitherway, I start up minecraft, and BOOM. 1-4 fps with a texture pack, I shut down texture pack and its 10-20 fps.
I ve updated my drivers and all so I suspect it might be my graphic card.
Intend to have it as a gaming computer
regaining space - attachment deleted by admin
Intel R HD Graphics Family is not a gaming GPU.
You could see if there is an updated driver:
Your Driver Version: 8.15.10.2342
Latest Driver Version: 8.15.10.2413
Doubt a driver update will improve it muchbut it certainly can t hurt to try it
I agree. These 2nd Generation Intel Core processor family graphics drivers are so new, there is probably not a lot of gaming support as of this time.
Intel says: Intel HD Graphics is built into the processor and delivers immersive mainstream gaming and 3D experiences.
If we knew what MBoard this was perhaps we could suggest a decent card for your needs
Within the last 30 minutes my speaker output is not working. It keeps switching from my headphones to speakers which is annoying as I want to listen through headphones.
2. changed speaker output port
My PC is a HP pavilion dv7 notebook PC. It is only a year old and has had no modifications to it.
My soundcard is fine in actually playing the sounds it just wont play it through the right device.
Topic: Recently Acquired older Laptop has bad hard drive. Read 379 times
I was able to get into set-up and change the boot order to diskette, then CD, then hard drive.
When I start the computer, it takes about 20 minutes to actually start - but does eventually start.
The CD also doesn t work - but I think I just need to get the drivers, onto the diskette.
Any ideas on the why its taking so long to actually start and how do I fix this.
I got the computer free - because it was old with a bad hard drive. I want to put PCLinuxOS on it to learn without causing any problems with my desktop.
CD drives require no drivers. What is make model of laptop. What OS.
Long startup time could be due to dead CMOS battery.
I don t think its the Cmos battery because - the date was correct and the time was about right and I didn t unplug it between restarts.
Regarding the Operating system - right now it has none and I booted frim a Dos5 disk I found. I m trying to find additional dos disks so I create a startup drive with the correct drivers. The drivers are on 2 CD I received with the computer.
I also wants to try reformatting the hard drive - I don t think this will work because setp doesn t even recognize them. If you don t unplug the laptop, power for clock is from the AC adapter, not the CMOS battery.
You will have to enter Setup BIOS to see if the hard drive is there.
You can can get bootdisks from www.bootdisk.com
Drivers for the CDROM will be on the bootdisks. It s oakcdrom.sys
The problem was not the Cmos battery. The date and time were correct when I first plugged it in and turned it on. I also have an old copy of Nortons utilities and ran it and it said it was ok.
The problem was - even though I changed the boot order - The adapter was still showing in set-up. I removed the adapter in Setup and it s booting right up.
Also thank you for the Driver list. I have the drivers that came with the computer - but since I plan on running linux, I need Linux compatable drivers - for the CD, the mouse and the touchpad, and possiblley the additional memory
Hi, I have recently installed Win 7 on a Toshiba Satellite L300 0G0 all is good except now I can t use the webcam. The webcam is in the list of devices and the driver is showing as installed Chicony USB 2.0 camera. So then how do I use the webcam or do I need to do something else to make it accessable.
I need a 256mb graphic card with 3.0 pixel shader. i want to play global agenda which needs 3.0 shader.I do not understand all of this stuff about graphics cards and so i am asking you.
I want something around 70 if that is possible.
MS Windows Vista Business 32-bit SP2
3.00 GB Dual-Channel DDR2 266MHz 4-4-4-12
Dell Inc. 0M3918 Microprocessor
128MB ATI Radeon X300/X550/X1050 Series ATI
ATI Radeon X300/X550/X1050 Series Secondary ATI
625GB Western Digital WDC WD6400AAKS-00A7B2 ATA Device SATA
I also have 305 maximum watts for the power capacity.
From 3, 4 days my PC has scratchy sound sometimes no sound and sometime normal sound in starting for a short time .
A voice like pat pat also comes from speakers.
Note :i hv windows xp., speakers are normal as i cheked by using different speakers.
1.5GB RAM, dual channel 512x2 256x2
The computer powered off in use without warning and has not successfully powered up since. On pushing the power button, the fans spin and the hard drives start to spin up but everything stops and powers down before there is even a BIOS display. Attempting to power up again rapidly, while the drives are still spinning, doesn t change anything. On the theory that the power supply may be worn out, I have disconnected all hard drives and disc drives to see if it would at least get to BIOS, but the same thing happens. Transplanting with a power supply from a computer that works doesn t change anything. Replacing the CMOS battery has not changed anything. Using the clear-CMOS jumper does not change anything.
I have not changed any hardware or major software recently. I got a battery UPS a few weeks ago but I doubt that would affect anything.
I would do a visual inspection of the motherboard. Look for any blown capacitors.
There don t seem to be any damaged capacitors, but I suppose the bulging ones could be difficult to spot. I ve discovered that if I do not connect the secondary motherboard power cable, everything starts up normally but it doesn t actually boot up. I m not sure that really proves anything useful.
Then swap in a known good PSU of the same or greater wattageborrow one since it may not be the culprit.
I ve moved several of the RAM sticks around among all the sockets, removed the CMOS battery, and traded out for another power supply. Nothing seems to have changed, no boot, no chirps. I suppose it may just be dead then, I think I backed up everything important about a week before this happened so it s not too bad.
I ve owned a few SOYO MBoards in the past and never had 1 give up the ghost on me
However judging by what you ve tested this may well be the case
A local PC shop can test it for a nominal fee to determine if it is in fact the MBoard.
Also, remove heatsink and check your computer processor s condition. If possible, try reapplying thermal paste. But first check the bristles like of your processor for any dust,oxidation or broken pins.
The adapter Amps figure tells you how much current the power adapter is capable of supplying. The laptop won t take any more than it needs. If the adapter Amps figure is less than the laptop needs then the adapter may well overheat after a while, but the laptop won t be damaged.
The tide is full, the moon lies fair
Upon the straits; on the French coast the light
Gleams and is gone; the cliffs of England stand,
Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay.
I have an HP Pavilion a350n that I bought around 2003 or 2004, it worked great until about a year and a half ago when there was a blackout in my neighborhood, once the electricity came on the computer stopped turning on, after a few months I had decided to check if it still worked real quick, otherwise I would get a new computer, I pressed the power button and it worked fine. A similar thing happened a few months ago, also because of a blackout, and it worked fine a month later. So that brings us to this, Yesterday my power went off, you can see where I m going, the computer refused to turn on. Now I have semi important documents on there, probably a little stupid of me beings how untrustworthy it is, so I need to get on soon, not wait a month or two. Most likely you have already realized this, but all three times were the result of my electricity going off, I don t think there is anything wrong with the computers power supply though, I looked in the back and their is a little green light that blinks when it is plugged in, but the computer will just not turn on. If someone can help me that will be greatly appreciated, thank you.
Hi all. I have a Gateway E4100 desktop running Windows XP. This is a single-core computer with four RAM slots on the motherboard to provide dual-channel memory. You re supposed to have identical paired DIMMs on both channels to let you run in dual-channel mode. I m planning to use a pair of unbuffered sticks of 512 MB Crucial brand DDR in one channel and a pair of 512 MB DDR Corsair brand in the other channel, also unbuffered. Does anyone know if performance would be enhanced by using the same brand in all four slots. Or decreased by using different brands. I thought since the pair in channel A would be identical and likewise the pair in channel B it should work fine, but I d like a second opinion. Thanks in advance.
You re supposed to have identical paired DIMMs on both channels to let you run in dual-channel mode.No, the 2 pairs need not be identical. Therefore, both pairs need not be the same.
I have a computer with a pair of 1GB a pair of 256MB. BTW, there is no setup or configuration for dual channel. It either works or doesn t, but you ll probably not notice the difference, either way.
No, the 2 pairs need not be identical. Therefore, both pairs need not be the same.
Correct. Usually for dual channel to work, however the sticks have to be identical in size, and the sticks have to have a common timing. I have had two different DDR2 800 2GB sticks in dual channel, however they only ran at the common timing of 667 until i swapped for two identcal sticks.
however the sticks have to be identical in size, and the sticks have to have a common timingNot all 4 sticks, only the individual pairs need be matched.
Not all 4 sticks, only the individual pairs need be matched.
True. I was describing a 2 slot only situation You are correct; the slots are colour coded, and the sticks should be matched to the colours. Purple with purple, orange with orange ect
once i turn on my computer, the first screen that appears tells me that ZUSMR is compressed, press ctrl alt delete to reset.how do i get past this.
I ve never heard of that message or that file. You say you see that as soon as the system boots before you see anything else. Are you sure of the spelling.
Yeah it comes up right after the Dell loading screen, also I can only press f2 and f12
Do you know what drives you have booted from recently. If you check your settings to see what drive you are booting from you know what drive is being accessed first.
Although, should you be able to access your physical boot settings before your operating system boots, you might be able find this information, like I have, it is important not to change anything or save anything unless you have a solution in mind by using those settings.
Those are settings that, at the very least, could keep you from booting your operating system. F2 or F12 both labelled hopefully - one may allow you to access settings - have been my only hope of looking into my computer s operation before I even start an operating system.
The more the better, as long as there is no malice nor poor planning.
If I couldn t boot my operating system but I could guess at what drive was causing the error, I would try. Knowing that I wouldn t tamper with the boot order right off the bat would be a benefit.
dannysiu: if you don t have more than one hard drive, you don t have to take my commentary to heart. I wouldn t want you to change anything that would make it harder to fix your problem, either. Thanks for allowing me to explain myself, as vague as I might be, Allan. The more the better, as long as there is no malice nor poor planning.
I don t mean to be rude, but your posts are not relevant to the question at hand. Anyway, the individual who asked the question hasn t returned for two weeks since posting.
I m just giving my input on something that doesn t have a check next to it. I m new to this place. As long as it seems that something is unsolved, it feels like I am contributing to mention what s on my mind without, you know, showing malice.
Okay so: as you are the moderator I will respectfully pull back from this string. Since you now know how unclear I have been today, please feel free to let me know when I should pull myself off of a string because I am new to this place and don t want to disrespect the process which leads to hardware solutions.
You probably won t want to do this, if you have the disks or probably CD s. you can usually start from a cd then run diagnostics. If the hard drive has a bad spot, some manufacturers like Seagate provide free software to correct mark them as bad sectors and move the files in those sectors to another location. Sometimes they might tell you to do a low level reformat the hard drive drive.
This might work sometimes - but the part you won t like is that it might also destroy/corrupt the entire hard drive.
Before you start do a full backup
It can also be a host of other problems - but I would start by trying to boot from an CD and running diagnostics. If you cant boot from the CD, Trying going into setup and write everything down. If your can t get into setup usually f2 when computer starts then count the beeps as it fails - oneone might be able to tell you what they mean.
My HD in my laptop went bad on me Friday afternoon - BSOD with unrecoverable_error, chkdsk gets about halfway through, the works. Not quite certain what happened - had just cancelled a defrag, and had been deleting lots of stuff off of it it had been performing really slowly for a while, so I was trying to clean it up ; probably just a confluence of events that created a toxic environment. No big whoop. BUT:
I was going to mount it on another machine, pull off the data I needed hadn t been backed up in a while - it was the machine that basically ran all the home backups, but there was still a few bits and bites to recover.
Then I was thinking I d go ahead and reformat it - but I wasn t certain if I could set it up as a bootable Windows disk while it was mounted on another machine. I mean, I m certain it s possible - but I sure want to avoid screwing up the machine I m on particularly as I ve got the original XP recovery disc, but the machine I ll be using is running 7.
I could always plug it back into the original laptop and reformat it, but I m on the road for a few weeks. So I have the drive, but not the machine.
So, I guess the question is, is it possible to format an external drive and put a bootable XP OS on that drive.
Dan: You re gonna need to get someone to fix my computer. Kim: What s wrong with it. Dan: It s in several pieces on my floor.
Windows will not install /boot properly from an external HDDMS designed it that way
Your best bet would be to mount your drive in an external enclosure and/or use a laptop to IDE converter on a working desktop machine
Then retrieve whatever data you needformat itthen re-install it in the laptop and do a clean install of Windows
Sorry - once I m done, I ll put the drive back IN the laptop so it becomes an INTERNAL drive
But I m doing the data extraction whilst on the road with the drive mounted on an IDE connector, and was thinking I d just go ahead and format the thing at the same time.
Thats what i d dosorry if my suggestion sounded otherwise
In case there is confusion and ambiguity: put simply, part of preparing a new hard disk for use in a computer involves creating one or more partitions on it and then fomatting each. Note: no re prefix. Formatting a volume means creating a filesystem on it. NTFS, FAT, ext2, reiserfs, there are different types. It blanks the volume or disk. When this has been done you have an empty volume. You can do this to an internal or external drive. However, a slang, non-technically approved word, reformat seems to have come into use, -- I don t like it -- and usually people use it to mean Sticking a Windows disk in the optical drive, and then using it to 1. format the drive, 2. Install Windows on it.. You cannot do this to an external drive.
I suspect it s like flammable / inflammable The drive is formatted now, so I will be formatting it again So, yes, I m formatting it, but I m also REformatting it
Obviously, my concern is thus:
Let s call my working laptop s internal hard drive C, let s call the CD-ROM drive D, and let s call the IDE-mounted wonky HD pulled from the other laptop A.
My concern is that if I pop the XP CD into D, and tell it to re format A, I don t want anything untoward to happen to C.
Just wanted to confirm that I ll be OK.
I am not clear why you want to use a CD to format a drive. You can do it from within Windows. You start your laptop, boot into Windows, open My Computer, see the disks that are listed, by drive letter and type, choose the one you want to format, which will be the external one, right click that disk s icon, select Format This option will not appear for your C: drive Then select the options like quick/complete format, filesystem type, volume name, etc, click Start, then respond appropriately to the Are you sure. message, and the disk you selected will be formatted.
Because when I put that drive BACK into its original laptop, it will be the boot drive. My understanding is I must use the MS OEM disc to do that.
What I don t know is if I can do that when I and the drive are a couple of thousand miles away from the laptop it will eventually be re united with.
1. Because when I put that drive BACK into its original laptop, it will be the boot drive.
2. My understanding is I must use the MS OEM disc to do that.
3. What I don t know is if I can do that when I and the drive are a couple of thousand miles away from the laptop it will eventually be re united with.
1. Irrelevant. Doesn t matter where or how it will be used.
You are making this far more complicated than it needs to be.
I know I m being dense, but everything in that article appears to me that all it does is prepare the drive for read/write operations.
I m trying to put the OS on it, so it becomes the internal, bootable and REbootable. c: drive for another machine.
I would not be so uncharitable as to say that you are being dense, but I think I can justifiably accuse you of not having read thoroughly the replies so far in this thread. Maybe you should RE-read them.
Patio wrote this on the 25th July:Windows will not install /boot properly from an external HDDMS designed it that way
He put it admirably clearly. Maybe you prefer numbered points -
1. Windows will only install on a fixed internal disk. This has to be in the machine for which the installation is intended. It will not install in an external e.g. USB drive.
2. This is deliberate, by design, and cannot be got around.
3. When Windows is installed on a machine, a tailored install is created that takes account of the particular hardware found: motherboard, chipset, display/network/sound cards or onboard chipsets. For this reason it is also impossible to install Windows on a fixed disk and then put that disk in another different machine and expect it to boot.
4. This applies double for an OEM disk which can only be used on the hardware with which it was purchased. but everything in that article appears to me that all it does is prepare the drive for read/write operations.
Yes. I m trying to put the OS on it, so it becomes the internal, bootable and REbootable. c: drive for another machine.
You can t do this. This has now been explained twice. I ll say it once more. You can t do this. If you want to get Windows on that disk, the only way you will achieve this is to install it as an internal disk in the machine on which you intend to install Windows.
but I think I can justifiably accuse you of not having read thoroughly the replies so far in this thread. You can, but you d be very wrong. I have read very clearly - but obviously I felt my particular question wasn t being answered, while questions I wasn t asking were being answered. The closest was your FIRST answer - but even then, I was unsure. Hence my follow-up questions.
The way I read Patio s response was that I could not boot Windows from an external drive, nor will it install FROM an external drive.
What I m trying to do is not either of those conditions.
I didn t see an answer, obviously, to what I was specifically asking. Format it.. then re-install in the laptop and do a clean install didn t make it clear that I could NOT do the clean install PRIOR to adding it to the machine. Surely IT departments format bootable drives away from their ultimate home machines time and again. 1. Windows will only install on a fixed internal disk. This has to be in the machine for which the installation is intended. Actually the FIRST time that point was made. That was what I was explicitly trying to determine. Again, I would think there is a way to work around that after all, we ve all received replacement hard drives that already have an OS on them, but didn t know. You can t do this. This has now been explained twice. I ll say it once more. You can t do this.
I thought I was respectfully asking for an answer to a question. When I didn t get an answer that made sense, I asked again - and I thought respectfully - until I got an answer that did make sense.
If that was frustrating or upsetting, I apologize.
Surely IT departments format bootable drives away from their ultimate home machines time and again.
If they have a large number of identical machines and a Windows volume or corporate licence they can deploy a standard disk image.Again, I would think there is a way to work around that
You seem to be a questioner who knows or thinks they do more than the people supplying the answers. I salute you, and wish you every success in the future. after all, we ve all received replacement hard drives that already have an OS on them
Have we. I never have. Maybe if you have a branded PC you can get a disk with the standard install image on like I described above, but I think we all is a bit too wide-ranging.
Topic: Gaming performance/hardware. Read 1385 times
transfusion the 9600 is probably his onboard chip so therefore it s not in use.
Josh re-set your memory settings to Windows managedre-boot and test.
Holy Cowz there are ONBOARD GT 9600s. scours the entire internet No there do not seem to be any integrated GT 9600s
The NVIDIA GeForce 9600 GT GPU powers the visual computing experience by offering immersive, extreme high-definition gaming and video. /size
integrated GPUs do not have fans I think the extreme high-definition would immediately burn up the 9600 if it didn t have a fan.
How do I change my memory to windows managed.
Rightclick my Computer properties advanced system settings advanced tab performance then, what.
I ve just clicked adjust for best performance rather than best appearance.
To save throwing more messy stats on this, the bench mark I did on my PC monitor is no different, still 97 video memory usage.
Web Driver
Introducing WebDriver The primary new feature in Selenium 2.0 is the integration of the WebDriver API. WebDriver is designed to provide a simpler, more concise.
Selenium WebDriver — Selenium Documentation
Abstract. This specification defines the WebDriver API, a platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs or scripts to introspect into, and control the.
Selenium is a portable software testing framework for web applications. Selenium provides a record/playback tool for authoring tests without learning a test scripting.
Abstract. WebDriver is a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents. It provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as.
Welcome to the official website of The Web Drivers. The Web Drivers goes Global with a branch office in Tampa, Florida. We are celebrating by giving away the.
NOTE: We re currently working on documenting these sections.
We believe the information here is accurate, however be aware we are also still working on this
chapter. Additional information will be provided as we go which should make this chapter more
The primary new feature in Selenium 2.0 is the integration of the WebDriver API.
WebDriver is designed to provide a simpler, more concise programming interface in addition to
addressing some limitations in the Selenium-RC API. Selenium-WebDriver was developed
to better support dynamic web pages where elements of a page may change without the page
itself being reloaded. WebDriver s goal is to supply a well-designed object-oriented
API that provides improved support for modern advanced web-app testing problems.
How Does WebDriver Drive the Browser Compared to Selenium-RC.
Selenium-WebDriver makes direct calls to the browser using each browser s native support for automation.
How these direct calls are made, and the features they support depends on the browser you are using.
Information on each browser driver is provided later in this chapter.
For those familiar with Selenium-RC, this is quite different from what you are used to. Selenium-RC
worked the same way for each supported browser. It injected javascript functions into the browser
when the browser was loaded and then used its javascript to drive the AUT within the browser.
WebDriver does not use this technique. Again, it drives the browser directly using the browser s
built in support for automation.
WebDriver and the Selenium-Server
You may, or may not, need the Selenium Server, depending on how you intend to use Selenium-WebDriver.
If you will be only using the WebDriver API you do not need the Selenium-Server. If your browser
and tests will all run on the same machine, and your tests only use the WebDriver API, then you
do not need to run the Selenium-Server; WebDriver will run the browser directly.
There are some reasons though to use the Selenium-Server with Selenium-WebDriver.
You are using Selenium-Grid to distribute your tests over multiple machines or virtual machines VMs.
You want to connect to a remote machine that has a particular browser version that is not on
You are not using the Java bindings i.e. Python, C, or Ruby and would like to use HtmlUnit Driver
Setting Up a Selenium-WebDriver Project
To install Selenium means to set up a project in a development so you can write a program using
Selenium. How you do this depends on your programming language and your development environment.
The easiest way to set up a Selenium 2.0 Java project is to use Maven. Maven will download the
java bindings the Selenium 2.0 java client library and all its dependencies, and will create the
project for you, using a maven pom.xml project configuration file. Once you ve done this, you
can import the maven project into your preferred IDE, IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse.
First, create a folder to contain your Selenium project files. Then, to use Maven, you need a
pom.xml file. This can be created with a text editor. We won t teach the
details of pom.xml files or for using Maven since there are already excellent references on this.
Your pom.xml file will look something like this. Create this file in the folder you created for
Be sure you specify the most current version. At the time of writing, the version listed above was
the most current, however there were frequent releases immediately after the release of Selenium 2.0.
Check the Maven download page for the current release and edit the above dependency accordingly.
Now, from a command-line, CD into the project directory and run maven as follows.
This will download Selenium and all its dependencies and will add them to the project.
Finally, import the project into your preferred development environment. For those not familiar
with this, we ve provided an appendix which shows this.
Importing a maven project into IntelliJ IDEA.
Importing a maven project into Eclipse.
As of Selenium 2.2.0, the C bindings are distributed as a set of signed dlls along with other
dependency dlls. Prior to 2.2.0, all Selenium dll s were unsigned.
To include Selenium in your project, simply download the latest
selenium-dotnet zip file from
If you are using Windows Vista or above, you should unblock the zip file before
unzipping it: Right click on the zip file, click Properties, click Unblock
Unzip the contents of the zip file, and add a reference to each of the unzipped
dlls to your project in Visual Studio or your IDE of choice.
If you are using Python for test automation then you probably are already familiar with developing
in Python. To add Selenium to your Python environment run the following command from
Pip requires pip to be installed, pip also has a dependency
Teaching Python development itself is beyond the scope of this document, however there are many
resources on Python and likely developers in your organization can help you get up to speed.
If you are using Ruby for test automation then you probably are already familiar with developing
in Ruby. To add Selenium to your Ruby environment run the following command from
gem install selenium-webdriver
Teaching Ruby development itself is beyond the scope of this document, however there are many
resources on Ruby and likely developers in your organization can help you get up to speed.
Perl bindings are provided by a third party, please refer to any of their documentation on how to
install / get started. There is one known Perl binding as of this writing.
For those who already have test suites written using Selenium 1.0, we have provided tips on how to
migrate your existing code to Selenium 2.0. Simon Stewart, the lead developer for Selenium 2.0,
has written an article on migrating from Selenium 1.0. We ve included this as an appendix.
Migrating From Selenium RC to Selenium WebDriver
Introducing the Selenium-WebDriver API by Example
WebDriver is a tool for automating web application testing, and in particular
to verify that they work as expected. It aims to provide a friendly API that s
easy to explore and understand, easier to use than the Selenium-RC 1.0 API,
which will help to make your tests easier to
read and maintain. It s not tied to any particular test framework, so it can
be used equally well in a unit testing or from a plain old main method.
This section introduces WebDriver s API and helps get you started becoming
familiar with it. Start by setting up a WebDriver project if you haven t already.
This was described in the previous section, Setting Up a Selenium-WebDriver Project.
Once your project is set up, you can see that WebDriver acts just as any normal library:
it is entirely self-contained, and you usually don t need to remember to start any
additional processes or run any installers before using it, as opposed to the proxy server
Note: additional steps are required to use ChromeDriver, Opera Driver, Android Driver
You re now ready to write some code. An easy way to get started is this
example, which searches for the term Cheese on Google and then outputs the
result page s title to the console.
package org.openqa.selenium.example;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
public static void main String args
// Create a new instance of the Firefox driver
// Notice that the remainder of the code relies on the interface,
WebDriver driver new FirefoxDriver ;
// And now use this to visit Google
// Alternatively the same thing can be done like this
// Find the text input element by its name
WebElement element driver.findElement By.name q ;
// Enter something to search for
// Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
// Check the title of the page
System.out.println Page title is: driver.getTitle ;
// Google s search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript.
// Wait for the page to load, timeout after 10 seconds
new WebDriverWait driver, 10. until new ExpectedConditionBoolean
public Boolean apply WebDriver d
return d.getTitle. toLowerCase. startsWith cheese. ;
// Should see: cheese. - Google Search
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
// Requires reference to WebDriver.Support.dll
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
// Create a new instance of the Firefox driver.
// Further note that other drivers InternetExplorerDriver,
// ChromeDriver, etc. will require further configuration
// before this example will work. See the wiki pages for the
IWebDriver driver new FirefoxDriver ;
//Notice navigation is slightly different than the Java version
//This is because get is a keyword in C
IWebElement query driver.FindElement By.Name q ;
WebDriverWait wait new WebDriverWait driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds 10 ;
wait.Until d return d.Title.ToLower. StartsWith cheese ; ;
// Should see: Cheese - Google Search
System.Console.WriteLine Page title is: driver.Title ;
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait available since 2.4.0
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC available since 2.26.0
Create a new instance of the Firefox driver
the page is ajaxy so the title is originally this:
find the element that s name attribute is q the google search box
inputElement driver.find_element_by_name q
inputElement.send_keys cheese.
submit the form although google automatically searches now without submitting
we have to wait for the page to refresh, the last thing that seems to be updated is the title
WebDriverWait driver, 10. until EC.title_contains cheese.
You should see cheese. - Google Search
driver Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
element driver.find_element :name q
puts Page title is driver.title
wait Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new :timeout 10
wait.until driver.title.downcase.start_with. cheese.
puts Page title is driver.title
var driver new webdriver.Builder. build ;
var element driver.findElement webdriver.By.name q ;
driver.getTitle. then function title
console.log Page title is: title ;
return driver.getTitle. then function title
return title.toLowerCase. lastIndexOf cheese., 0 0;
Create a new instance of the driver
my driver Selenium::Remote::Driver- new;
Find the element that s name attribute is q google search box
my inputElement driver- find_element q, name ;
inputElement- send_keys cheese. ;
submit the form although google automatically searches now without submitting
Set the timeout for searching for elements to 10 seconds 0 by default
driver- set_implicit_wait_timeout 10000 ;
then use XPath to search for a page title containing cheese.
driver- find_element /html/head/title contains translate. , ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ, abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz, cheese. ;
In upcoming sections, you will learn more about how to use WebDriver for things
such as navigating forward and backward in your browser s history, and how to
test web sites that use frames and windows. We also provide a more
thorough discussions and examples.
Selenium-WebDriver API Commands and Operations
The first thing you re likely to want to do with WebDriver is navigate to a page.
The normal way to do this is by calling get :
Dependent on several factors, including the OS/Browser combination,
WebDriver may or may not wait for the page to load. In some circumstances,
WebDriver may return control before the page has finished, or even started, loading.
To ensure robustness, you need to wait for the element s to exist in the page using
Locating UI Elements WebElements
Locating elements in WebDriver can be done on the WebDriver instance itself or on a WebElement.
Each of the language bindings expose a Find Element and Find Elements method. The first returns
a WebElement object otherwise it throws an exception. The latter returns a list of WebElements, it can
return an empty list if no DOM elements match the query.
The Find methods take a locator or query object called By. By strategies are listed below.
This is the most efficient and preferred way to locate an element. Common pitfalls that UI developers
make is having non-unique id s on a page or auto-generating the id, both should be avoided. A class
on an html element is more appropriate than an auto-generated id.
Example of how to find an element that looks like this:
WebElement element driver.findElement By.id coolestWidgetEvah ;
IWebElement element driver.FindElement By.Id coolestWidgetEvah ;
element driver.find_element :id, coolestWidgetEvah
element driver.find_element_by_id coolestWidgetEvah
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
element driver.find_element by By.ID, value coolestWidgetEvah
element driver- find_element coolestWidgetEvah, id
Class in this case refers to the attribute on the DOM element. Often in practical use there are
many DOM elements with the same class name, thus finding multiple elements becomes the more practical
option over finding the first element.
class cheese Cheddar class cheese Gouda
ListWebElement cheeses driver.findElements By.className cheese ;
IListIWebElement cheeses driver.FindElements By.ClassName cheese ;
cheeses driver.find_elements :class_name, cheese
cheeses driver.find_elements :class, cheese
cheeses driver.find_elements_by_class_name cheese
cheeses driver.find_elements By.CLASS_NAME, cheese
cheeses driver- find_elements cheese, class ;
The DOM Tag Name of the element.
WebElement frame driver.findElement By.tagName iframe ;
IWebElement frame driver.FindElement By.TagName iframe ;
frame driver.find_element :tag_name, iframe
frame driver.find_element_by_tag_name iframe
frame driver.find_element By.TAG_NAME, iframe
frame driver- find_element iframe, tag_name ;
Find the input element with matching name attribute.
WebElement cheese driver.findElement By.name cheese ;
IWebElement cheese driver.FindElement By.Name cheese ;
cheese driver.find_element :name, cheese
cheese driver.find_element_by_name cheese
cheese driver.find_element By.NAME, cheese
cheese driver- find_element cheese, name ;
Find the link element with matching visible text.
WebElement cheese driver.findElement By.linkText cheese ;
IWebElement cheese driver.FindElement By.LinkText cheese ;
cheese driver.find_element :link_text, cheese
cheese driver.find_element :link, cheese
cheese driver.find_element_by_link_text cheese
cheese driver.find_element By.LINK_TEXT, cheese
cheese driver- find_element cheese, link_text ;
Find the link element with partial matching visible text.
WebElement cheese driver.findElement By.partialLinkText cheese ;
IWebElement cheese driver.FindElement By.PartialLinkText cheese ;
cheese driver.find_element :partial_link_text, cheese
cheese driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text cheese
cheese driver.find_element By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, cheese
cheese driver- find_element cheese, partial_link_text ;
Like the name implies it is a locator strategy by css. Native browser support
is used by default, so please refer to w3c css selectors for a list of generally available css selectors. If a browser does not have
native support for css queries, then Sizzle is used. IE 6,7 and FF3.0
currently use Sizzle as the css query engine.
Beware that not all browsers were created equal, some css that might work in one version may not work
Example of to find the cheese below:
id food class dairy milk class dairy aged cheese
WebElement cheese driver.findElement By.cssSelector food span.dairy.aged ;
IWebElement cheese driver.FindElement By.CssSelector food span.dairy.aged ;
cheese driver.find_element :css, food span.dairy.aged
cheese driver.find_element_by_css_selector food span.dairy.aged
cheese driver.find_element By.CSS_SELECTOR, food span.dairy.aged
cheese driver- find_element food span.dairy.aged, css ;
At a high level, WebDriver uses a browser s native XPath capabilities wherever
possible. On those browsers that don t have native XPath support, we have
provided our own implementation. This can lead to some unexpected behaviour
unless you are aware of the differences in the various xpath engines.
This is a little abstract, so for the following piece of HTML:
ListWebElement inputs driver.findElements By.xpath //input ;
IListIWebElement inputs driver.FindElements By.XPath //input ;
inputs driver.find_elements :xpath, //input
inputs driver.find_elements_by_xpath //input
inputs driver.find_elements By.XPATH, //input
inputs driver- find_elements //input
The following number of matches will be found
Sometimes HTML elements do not need attributes to be explicitly declared
because they will default to known values. For example, the input tag does
not require the type attribute because it defaults to text. The rule of
thumb when using xpath in WebDriver is that you should not expect to be able
to match against these implicit attributes.
You can execute arbitrary javascript to find an element and as long as you return a DOM Element,
it will be automatically converted to a WebElement object.
Simple example on a page that has jQuery loaded:
WebElement element WebElement JavascriptExecutor driver. executeScript return . cheese 0 ;
IWebElement element IWebElement IJavaScriptExecutor driver. ExecuteScript return . cheese 0 ;
element driver.execute_script return . cheese 0
element driver- execute_script return . cheese 0 ;
Finding all the input elements to the every label on a page:
ListWebElement labels driver.findElements By.tagName label ;
ListWebElement inputs ListWebElement JavascriptExecutor driver. executeScript
var labels arguments 0, inputs ; for var i 0; i
inputs.push document.getElementById labels i. getAttribute for ; return inputs;, labels ;
IListIWebElement labels driver.FindElements By.TagName label ;
IListIWebElement inputs IListIWebElement IJavaScriptExecutor driver. ExecuteScript
labels driver.find_elements :tag_name, label
inputs.push document.getElementById labels i. getAttribute for ; return inputs;, labels
labels driver.find_elements_by_tag_name label
my labels driver- find_elements label, tag_name ;
my inputs driver- execute_script var labels arguments, inputs ; for var i 0; i, labels ;
Moving Between Windows and Frames
Some web applications have many frames or multiple windows. WebDriver supports
moving between named windows using the switchTo method:
driver.switchTo. window windowName ;
driver.switch_to.window windowName
driver- switch_to_window windowName ;
All calls to driver will now be interpreted as being directed to the
particular window. But how do you know the window s name. Take a look at the
javascript or link that opened it:
href somewhere.html target windowName Click here to open a new window
Alternatively, you can pass a window handle to the switchTo. window
method. Knowing this, it s possible to iterate over every open window like so:
for String handle : driver.getWindowHandles
driver.switchTo. window handle ;
driver.window_handles.each do handle
driver.switch_to.window handle
for handle in driver.window_handles:
windows driver- get_window_handles
driver- switch_to_window window ;
You can also switch from frame to frame or into iframes :
driver.switchTo. frame frameName ;
driver.switch_to.frame frameName
driver- switch_to_frame frameName ;
Navigation: History and Location
Earlier, we covered navigating to a page using the get command
driver.get As you ve seen, WebDriver has a
number of smaller, task-focused interfaces, and navigation is a useful task.
Because loading a page is such a fundamental requirement, the method to do this
lives on the main WebDriver interface, but it s simply a synonym to:
driver.get python doesn t have driver.navigate
To reiterate: navigate. to and get do exactly the same thing.
One s just a lot easier to type than the other.
The navigate interface also exposes the ability to move backwards and forwards in your browser s history:
Please be aware that this functionality depends entirely on the underlying
browser. It s just possible that something unexpected may happen when you call
these methods if you re used to the behaviour of one browser over another.
Before we leave these next steps, you may be interested in understanding how to
use cookies. First of all, you need to be on the domain that the cookie will be
valid for. If you are trying to preset cookies before
you start interacting with a site and your homepage is large / takes a while to load
an alternative is to find a smaller page on the site, typically the 404 page is small
// Now set the cookie. This one s valid for the entire domain
Cookie cookie new Cookie key, value ;
driver.manage. addCookie cookie ;
// And now output all the available cookies for the current URL
SetCookie allCookies driver.manage. getCookies ;
for Cookie loadedCookie : allCookies
System.out.println String.format s - s, loadedCookie.getName, loadedCookie.getValue ;
// You can delete cookies in 3 ways
driver.manage. deleteCookieNamed CookieName ;
driver.manage. deleteCookie loadedCookie ;
driver.manage. deleteAllCookies ;
Now set the cookie. Here s one for the entire domain
the cookie name here is key and its value is value
driver.add_cookie name : key, value : value, path : /
additional keys that can be passed in are:
expiry - Milliseconds since the Epoch it should expire.
And now output all the available cookies for the current URL
for cookie in driver.get_cookies :
print s - s cookie name, cookie value
You can delete cookies in 2 ways
driver.delete_cookie CookieName
driver.manage.add_cookie :name key, :value value
:path String, :secure - Boolean, :expires - Time, DateTime, or seconds since epoch
driver.manage.all_cookies.each cookie
puts cookie :name cookie :value
driver.manage.delete_cookie CookieName
driver.manage.delete_all_cookies
the cookie name here is key and its value is value
driver- add_cookie key, value, /, example.com, 0 ;
additional required inputs are path and domain
the final input secure is an optional boolean
my cookies_ref driver- get_all_cookies ; Returns reference to AoH
printf s s n, cookie_ref- name, cookie_ref- value ;
driver- delete_cookie_named key ;
This is easy with the Firefox Driver:
FirefoxProfile profile new FirefoxProfile ;
profile.addAdditionalPreference general.useragent.override, some UA string ;
WebDriver driver new FirefoxDriver profile ;
profile Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox::Profile.new
profile general.useragent.override some UA string
driver Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox, :profile profile
profile webdriver.FirefoxProfile
profile.set_preference general.useragent.override, some UA string
driver webdriver.Firefox profile
use Selenium::Remote::Driver::Firefox::Profile;
my profile Selenium::Remote::Driver::Firefox::Profile- new;
profile- set_preference general.useragent.overide some UA string ;
my driver Selenium::Remote::Driver- new firefox_profile profile ;
Here s an example of using the Actions class to perform a drag and drop.
Native events are required to be enabled.
WebElement element driver.findElement By.name source ;
WebElement target driver.findElement By.name target ;
new Actions driver. dragAndDrop element, target. perform ;
element driver.find_element :name source
target driver.find_element :name target
driver.action.drag_and_drop element, target. perform
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
element driver.find_element_by_name source
target driver.find_element_by_name target
ActionChains driver. drag_and_drop element, target. perform
Driver Specifics and Tradeoffs
WebDriver is the name of the key interface against which tests should be
written, but there are several implementations. These include:
This is currently the fastest and most lightweight implementation of WebDriver.
As the name suggests, this is based on HtmlUnit. HtmlUnit is a java based implementation
of a WebBrowser without a GUI. For any language binding other than java the
Selenium Server is required to use this driver.
WebDriver driver new HtmlUnitDriver ;
IWebDriver driver new RemoteWebDriver new Uri
DesiredCapabilities.HtmlUnit ;
driver webdriver.Remote webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.HTMLUNIT.copy
driver Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url :desired_capabilities :htmlunit
my driver Selenium::Remote::Driver- new browser_name htmlunit, remote_server_addr localhost, port 4444 ;
Fastest implementation of WebDriver
A pure Java solution and so it is platform independent.
Emulates other browsers JavaScript behaviour see below
JavaScript in the HtmlUnit Driver
None of the popular browsers uses the JavaScript engine used by HtmlUnit
Rhino. If you test JavaScript using HtmlUnit the results may differ
significantly from those browsers.
When we say JavaScript we actually mean JavaScript and the DOM. Although
the DOM is defined by the W3C each browser has its own quirks and differences
in their implementation of the DOM and in how JavaScript interacts with it.
HtmlUnit has an impressively complete implementation of the DOM and has good
support for using JavaScript, but it is no different from any other
browser: it has its own quirks and differences from both the W3C standard and
the DOM implementations of the major browsers, despite its ability to mimic
With WebDriver, we had to make a choice; do we enable HtmlUnit s JavaScript
capabilities and run the risk of teams running into problems that only manifest
themselves there, or do we leave JavaScript disabled, knowing that there are
more and more sites that rely on JavaScript. We took the conservative approach,
and by default have disabled support when we use HtmlUnit. With each release of
both WebDriver and HtmlUnit, we reassess this decision: we hope to enable
JavaScript by default on the HtmlUnit at some point.
If you can t wait, enabling JavaScript support is very easy:
HtmlUnitDriver driver new HtmlUnitDriver true ;
WebDriver driver new RemoteWebDriver new Uri
DesiredCapabilities.HtmlUnitWithJavaScript ;
caps Selenium::WebDriver::Remote::Capabilities.htmlunit :javascript_enabled true
driver Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, :url :desired_capabilities caps
driver webdriver.Remote webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.HTMLUNITWITHJS
driver new Selenium::Remote::Driver browser_name firefox, port 4444, version, platform LINUX, javascript 1, auto_close 1 ;
This will cause the HtmlUnit Driver to emulate Firefox 3.6 s JavaScript
Controls the Firefox browser using a Firefox plugin.
The Firefox Profile that is used is stripped down from what is installed on the
machine to only include the Selenium WebDriver.xpi plugin. A few settings are
also changed by default see the source to see which ones
Firefox Driver is capable of being run and is tested on Windows, Mac, Linux.
Currently on versions 3.6, 10, latest - 1, latest
Slower than the HtmlUnit Driver
Suppose that you wanted to modify the user agent string as above, but you ve
got a tricked out Firefox profile that contains dozens of useful extensions.
There are two ways to obtain this profile. Assuming that the profile has been
created using Firefox s profile manager firefox -ProfileManager :
ProfilesIni allProfiles new ProfilesIni ;
FirefoxProfile profile allProfiles.getProfile WebDriver ;
profile.setPreferences foo.bar, 23 ;
Alternatively, if the profile isn t already registered with Firefox:
File profileDir new File path/to/top/level/of/profile ;
FirefoxProfile profile new FirefoxProfile profileDir ;
profile.addAdditionalPreferences extraPrefs ;
As we develop features in the Firefox Driver, we expose the ability to use them.
For example, until we feel native events are stable on Firefox for Linux, they
are disabled by default. To enable them:
profile.setEnableNativeEvents true ;
profile.native_events_enabled True
The InternetExplorerDriver is a standalone server which implements WebDriver s wire protocol. This driver has been tested with IE 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 on appropriate combinations of Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1. As of 15 April 2014, IE 6 is no longer supported.
The driver supports running 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the browser. The choice of how to determine which bit-ness to use in launching the browser depends on which version of the IEDriverServer.exe is launched. If the 32-bit version of IEDriverServer.exe is launched, the 32-bit version of IE will be launched. Similarly, if the 64-bit version of IEDriverServer.exe is launched, the 64-bit version of IE will be launched.
WebDriver driver new InternetExplorerDriver ;
IWebDriver driver new InternetExlorerDriver ;
driver Selenium::WebDriver.for :ie
my driver Selenium::Remote::Driver- new browser_name internet explorer ;
Runs in a real browser and supports Javascript
Obviously the InternetExplorerDriver will only work on Windows.
Comparatively slow though still pretty snappy.
ChromeDriver is maintained / supported by the Chromium
project iteslf. WebDriver works with Chrome through the chromedriver binary found on the chromium
project s download page. You need to have both chromedriver and a version of chrome browser installed.
chromedriver needs to be placed somewhere on your system s path in order for WebDriver to automatically
discover it. The Chrome browser itself is discovered by chromedriver in the default installation path.
These both can be overridden by environment variables. Please refer to the wiki
WebDriver driver new ChromeDriver ;
IWebDriver driver new ChromeDriver ;
driver Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
my driver Selenium::Remote::Driver- new browser_name chrome ;
Runs in a real browser and supports JavaScript
Because Chrome is a Webkit-based browser, the ChromeDriver may allow you to
verify that your site works in Safari. Note that since Chrome uses its own V8
JavaScript engine rather than Safari s Nitro engine, JavaScript execution may
See either the ios-driver or appium projects.
Alternative Back-Ends: Mixing WebDriver and RC Technologies
The Java version of WebDriver provides an implementation of the Selenium-RC API. These means that
you can use the underlying WebDriver technology using the Selenium-RC API. This is primarily
provided for backwards compatibility. It allows those who have existing test suites using the
Selenium-RC API to use WebDriver under the covers. It s provided to help ease the migration path
to Selenium-WebDriver. Also, this allows one to use both APIs, side-by-side, in the same test code.
Selenium-WebDriver is used like this:
// You may use any WebDriver implementation. Firefox is used here as an example
// A base url, used by selenium to resolve relative URLs
// Create the Selenium implementation
Selenium selenium new WebDriverBackedSelenium driver, baseUrl ;
// Perform actions with selenium
selenium.type name q, cheese ;
// Get the underlying WebDriver implementation back. This will refer to the
// same WebDriver instance as the driver variable above.
WebDriver driverInstance WebDriverBackedSelenium selenium. getWrappedDriver ;
//Finally, close the browser. Call stop on the WebDriverBackedSelenium instance
//instead of calling driver.quit. Otherwise, the JVM will continue running after
//the browser has been closed.
Allows for the WebDriver and Selenium APIs to live side-by-side
Provides a simple mechanism for a managed migration from the Selenium RC API
Does not require the standalone Selenium RC server to be run
Does not implement every method
More advanced Selenium usage using browserbot or other built-in JavaScript
methods from Selenium Core may not work
Some methods may be slower due to underlying implementation differences
Backing WebDriver with Selenium
WebDriver doesn t support as many browsers as Selenium RC does, so in order to
provide that support while still using the WebDriver API, you can make use of
Safari is supported in this way with the following code be sure to disable
DesiredCapabilities capabilities new DesiredCapabilities ;
capabilities.setBrowserName safari ;
CommandExecutor executor new SeleneseCommandExecutor new URL new URL capabilities ;
WebDriver driver new RemoteWebDriver executor, capabilities ;
There are currently some major limitations with this approach, notably that
findElements doesn t work as expected. Also, because we re using Selenium Core
for the heavy lifting of driving the browser, you are limited by the JavaScript
Running Standalone Selenium Server for use with RemoteDrivers
From Selenium s Download page download selenium-server-standalone-.jar and optionally IEDriverServer. If you plan to work with Chrome, download it from Google Code.
Unpack IEDriverServer and/or chromedriver and put them in a directory which is on the PATH / PATH - the Selenium Server should then be able to handle requests for IE / Chrome without additional modifications.
Start the server on the command line with
java -jar /selenium-server-standalone-.jar
If you want to use native events functionality, indicate this on the command line with the option
-Dwebdriver.enable.native.events 1
For other command line options, execute
java -jar /selenium-server-standalone-.jar -help
In order to function properly, the following ports should be allowed incoming TCP connections: 4444, 7054-5 or twice as many ports as the number of concurrent instances you plan to run. Under Windows, you may need to unblock the applications as well.
You can find further resources for WebDriver
Of course, don t hesitate to do an internet search on any Selenium topic, including
Selenium-WebDriver s drivers. There are quite a few blogs on Selenium along with numerous posts
on various user forums. Additionally the Selenium User s Group is a great resource.
This chapter has simply been a high level walkthrough of WebDriver and some of its key
capabilities. Once getting familiar with the Selenium-WebDriver API you will then want to learn
how to build test suites for maintainability, extensibility, and reduced fragility when features of
the AUT frequently change. The approach most Selenium experts are now recommending is to design
your test code using the Page Object Design Pattern along with possibly a Page Factory.
Selenium-WebDriver provides support for this by supplying a PageFactory class in Java and C.
This is presented, along with other advanced topics, in the
next chapter. Also, for high-level description of this
technique, you may want to look at the
Test Design Considerations chapter. Both of these
chapters present techniques for writing more maintainable tests by making your test code more
WebDriver is a clean, fast framework for automated testing of webapps. Why is it needed. And what problems does it solve that existing frameworks don t address.
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Selenium WebDriver. The biggest change in Selenium recently has been the inclusion of the WebDriver API. Driving a browser natively as a user would either locally or.
Feb 08, 2014 The 5 Minute Getting Started Guide. WebDriver is a tool for automating testing web applications, and in particular to verify that they work as expected.
Crack Wifi Backtrack 5
Backtrack is one of the most popular Linux distributions used for Penetration testing and Security Auditing. The Backtrack development team is sponsored by Offensive Security. On 13th August 2012, Backtrack 5 R3 was released. This included the addition of about 60 new tools, most of which were released during the Defcon and Blackhat conference held in Las Vegas in July 2012. In this series of articles, we will look at most of the new tools that were introduced with Backtrack 5 R3 and look at their usage. Some of the notable changes included tools for mobile penetration testing, GUI tools for Wi-fi cracking and a whole new category of tools called Physical Exploitation.
There are two ways to get up and running quickly with Backtrack 5 R3. If you are already running Backtrack 5 R2, you can upgrade to Backtrack 5 R3 by following the steps described on this page. Or you can do a fresh install of Backtrack 5 R3 from the downloads section on Backtrack s official website.
A list of the new tools released with Backtrack 5 R3 according to Backtrack s official website are libcrafter, blueranger, dbd, inundator, intersect, mercury, cutycapt, trixd00r, artemisa, rifiuti2, netgear-telnetenable, jboss-autopwn, deblaze, sakis3g, voiphoney, apache-users, phrasendrescher, kautilya, manglefizz, rainbowcrack, rainbowcrack-mt, lynis-audit, spooftooph, wifihoney, twofi, truecrack, uberharvest, acccheck, statsprocessor, iphoneanalyzer, jad, javasnoop, mitmproxy, ewizard, multimac, netsniff-ng, smbexec, websploit, dnmap, johnny, unix-privesc-check, sslcaudit, dhcpig, intercepter-ng, u3-pwn, binwalk, laudanum, wifite, tnscmd10g bluepot, dotdotpwn, subterfuge, jigsaw, urlcrazy, creddump, android-sdk, apktool, ded, dex2jar, droidbox, smali, termineter, bbqsql, htexploit, smartphone-pentest-framework, fern-wifi-cracker, powersploit, and webhandler. We will be discussing most of these tools in this series.
Fern Wi-fi cracker is a program written in python that provides a GUI for cracking wireless networks. Normally, you need to run aireplay-ng, airodump-ng and aircrack-ng separately in order to crack wireless networks, but Fern-Wifi-cracker makes this job very simple for us by acting as a facade over these tools and hiding all the intricate details from us. It also comes with a bunch of tools that helps you perform attacks like Session Hijacking, locate a particular system s geolocation based on its Mac address etc.
Fern Wi-fi cracker can be found under the category Wireless Exploitation tools as shown in the figure below.
Before starting with Fern Wi-fi cracker, it is important to note that you have a Wi-fi card that supports packet injection. In my case, i am running Backtrack 5 R3 as a VM and i have connected an external Alfa Wi-fi card to it. You can verify if your card can be put into monitor mode by just typing airmon-ng and it will show you the list of interfaces that can be put in monitor mode. Once this is done, open up Fern Wi-fi cracker.
Select the appropriate interface on which you want to sniff on.
Once you have selected it, it will automatically create a virtual interface mon0 on top of the selected interface wlan0 as is clear from the image below.
Now, click on Scan for access points. As you can see from the results, it found 4 networks with WEP and 1 network with WPA.
In this case, we will be cracking a WEP network named Infosec test which i set up for testing purposes. Click on the network Infosec test and it will show you its specific information like the BSSID of the access point, the channel on which the Access point is transmitting on etc. On the bottom right, you can select from a variety of attacks like the Arp request replay attack, caffe latte attack etc. In my case, i will be going for an Arp request replay attack. Once this is done, click on Wi-fi attack and this will start the whole process of cracking WEP.
You will now see that some IV s are being captured as shown in the image below. The tool will also tell you if your card is injecting arp packets properly or not as shown in the bottom right section of the image below.
Once enough IV s have been collected, it will start cracking the WEP key automatically.
Similarly, Fern Wi-fi cracker can be used to crack WPA. It just makes the whole process so simple for us. It also provides some extra functionality for hijacking sessions and locating a computer s geolocation via its Mac address. I recommend you check it out.
Imagine you have to scan a huge network containing thousands of computers. Scanning via nmap from a single computer will take quite a long time. In order to solve this problem, Dnmap was created. Dnmap is a framework which follows a client/server architecture. The server issues nmap commands to the clients and the clients execute it. In this way, the load of performing such a large scan is distributed among the clients. The commands that the server gives to its clients are put in a command file. The results are stored in a log file which are saved on both the server and the client. The whole process of running Dnmap follows these steps.
Create a list of commands that you want to run and store it in a file, say commands.txt. Note the IP address of the server.
Run the dnmap server and give the commands file as an argument.
Connect the clients to the server. Note that the server should be reachable from the client.
Let s do the demo now. I have 2 virtual machines both running Backtrack 5 R3. I am going to run the Dnmap server on one of the virtual machines and a client on the second one.
Open dnmap under the category Information Gathering – Network Analysis – Identify Live hosts. The next step is to create a commands.txt file. As you can see from the image below, i have 3 commands in the commands.txt file.
Now type the command as shown in the image below to start the dnmap server. I have started the dnmap server to listen on port 800. As you can see, it currently detects no clients. Hence the next step is to get some clients to connect to this dnmap server. Also, it is better to specify the location of the log file that will be holding all the results.
On my other BT machine, i run the following command to connect the client to the server. Note that the internal IP address of my dnmap server is 10.0.2.15 and since my other virtual machine is also in the same internal network, it is able to reach to the server. You also need to specify the port to which you are connecting to on the server. Also, it is optional to specify an alias for the client.
Once the client establishes connection with the server, you will see that the client starts executing the commands that it is getting from the server.
On the server side, you will notice that it recognizes this client and shows it in the output. It also keeps giving you regular information like the number of commands executed, uptime, online status etc.
Once the scans are completed, dnmap stores the results in a directory named nmap_output. The results are saved in. nmap. gnmap and xml formats. There are separate output files for each command. It is advisable to clear all the previous files in the nmap_output directory or save them somewhere else before starting a new scan. Here is what a sample response file looks like.
In this article, we looked at a couple of the most popular tools that were introduced with Backtrack 5 R3. In further articles in this series, we will be discussing about many other new tools that were shipped with Backtrack 5 R3. If there is a particular tool that you want me to write about or if you have any questions, comments, suggestions regarding this series, please write them down in the comments below.
A step by step guide to cracking WPA and WPA2 Wifi passwords. Backtrack is a bootable Linux distribution with lots of pen-testing tools and is almost needed for all my. . How to Install BackTrack 5 R3 in VMWare – Step by Step Guide.
Backtrack is one of the most popular Linux distributions used for Penetration testing and Security Auditing. The Backtrack development team is sponsored by Offensive.
How to use Reaver to crack WPA2 Passwords with a 99 success rate. Step 2: Install Reaver Skip this step if you are using BackTrack 5. Reaver should be.
Today I am going to teach you how to easily hack WPA/WPA2-PSK enabled network using reaver. But, for that the targeted router should support WPS WiFi Protected Setup which is supported by most of the router nowadays. WPS is an optional device configuration protocol for wireless access points which make it really easier to connect.
This feature exist in most of the router for the easy setup process through the WPS pin which is hard-coded into the wireless access point. Reaver takes the advantage of a vulnerability in WPS. Thanks to Craig Heffner for releasing an open-source version of this tool named Reaver that exploits the vulnerability. In simple tone, Reaver tries to bruteforce the pin; which in result reveal WPA or WPA2 password after enough time.
You do not have to be a expert at Linux or in even using computer. The simple command-line console will do all the things. But you may need a lot of time for this process and also some luck. The brute force may take from 2 hours to more than 10 hours too sometimes. There are various ways to set up reaver but here are the requirement for this guide.
Backtrack OS. Backtrack is a bootable Linux distribution with lots of pen-testing tools. You can use various other Linux distribution but I prefer backtrack. If you don t know how to install backtrack then please check this link first.
A computer and wireless network card. I cannot guarantee if this will work with all the internal wireless card but i recommend a external wireless card.
A lot of Patience. The process is simple but brute forcing the PIN takes a lot of time. So you have to be patience. Kicking the Computer won t help you this time.
Now you should have a backtrack OS ready for action.
You can use any method to boot into backtrack; like from live cd, VMware, dual boot, etc. So, just boot it first into the GUI mode and open up a new console command line which is in the taskbar. So just boot into backtrack. During the boot process, BackTrack will prompt you to to choose the boot options. Select BackTrack Text – Default Boot Text Mode and press Enter.
After some time Backtrack will take you into a command line prompt where you should type startx and press Enter. BackTrack will boot will into Graphical User Interface GUI mode.
Step 2: Install Reaver Skip this step if you are using BackTrack 5
Reaver should be already installed in the Backtrack 5 but if you are using older backtrack or any other Linux distribution you can install Reaver by using few steps below.
First Connect your BackTrack to the internet. For WiFi connection go to Application Internet Wicd Network Manager
Select your network and click connect and input your password if necessary, click OK and click CONNECT the second time.
Now that you are connected to internet its time to install Reaver. Click the terminal icon in the menu bar. And at the console type the following:
Now if everything worked fine you will get a freshly installed Reaver tool. Now if you are testing it in your own system then please go to Wicd Network Manager and Disconnect yourself first.
Before launching the Reaver attack you need to know your target wireless network name, BSSID it is the series of unique letters and number of a particular router and its channel number. So to know this make your wireless card into monitor mode and gather the required information of the access points. So let us do all these things.
First lets find your wireless card. Inside terminal or console, type:
Press Enter and there you should see a list of interface names of different devices. There should be a wireless device in that list you you have connected it to BackTrack. Probably it may be wlan0 or wlan1.
Note: To connect your wireless network card into WMware. Firstly, connect it to the USB and then you will see a small USB icon like in the figure in the top right of VMware. Then, right click on it and click connect. At last, USB sign will turn into green colour and start to glow.
Enable monitor mode. Supposing your wireless card interface name as wlan0, type this command in that same console.
This code will create a new monitor mode interface mon0 like in the screenshot below which you want to keep note of.
Search the BSSID of the Access Point router you want to crack. There are few ways to search for the Access Point BSSID but I prefer to use the inbuilt reaver search method which shows the list of WPS vulnerable BSSID only.
In the console type this following command and press enter:
You will see the list of wireless networks that support WPS which are vulnerable to Reaver as seen in the screenshot below. After few minutes you can stop the scan by pressing Ctrl C.
I suggest you to try to crack the ones which have WPS lock disabled or say NO in WPS Locked column. It may also work if it says YES but I am not sure of that. For that, copy the BSSID of the target AP and also keep note of its channel and in the console and type the following and Enter:
reaver -i monitormode -c channel -b targetbssid -vv
For My Case the monitor mode will be mon0 channel would be 1, targetbssid would be C8:3A:: and -vv is written to show the current statistic of the attack like percentage completed, currently brute forcing PIN and so on; so we will type the following and enter:
reaver -i mon0 -c 1 -b C8:3A:: -vv
Press Enter and if everything goes right then you will see the attack process like in the screenshot below. Please note that you will not get Restore previous session like me because I have already tried to crack it so, it is prompting me to either to resume from that paused point or not. Your progress will also be saved if your press Ctrl C. It will prompt you the same if you again hit the same above command and you can resume it from there.
Now just wait or have some coffee and let Reaver do its magic. It might take from 2 hours to 10 hours or more. There are 8 numeric digits of WPS but due the fact that WPS authentication protocol cuts the pin in half and validates each half separately. Since the last digit of pin is a cheksum value which can be calculated on the basis of previous value there are 10 4 10,000 possible values for first half and then 10 3 1000 values for the last pin. So the WPS pin code can be calculated in 11,000 possible pin code. Some AP can check the WPS pin in the rate of 1 pin per second and some take more so the time depend upon the AP and even the network connection strength depends too.
When the PIN is successfully brute-forced Reaver will show you the WPS PIN and the plain password of the AP like in the below screenshot.
I recommend you to keep note of the WPS pin so that if the password is changed again you can hack that in few seconds the next time by using the following process.
reaver -i monitor interface -b BSSID -c channel --pin 8 digit pin -vv
reaver -i mon0 -b :: -c 1 --pin 12345678 -vv
So now the error part as you might get a bunch of error depending upon your conditions. You might get some timeout but it is normal but if you are getting other errors then see the below Error section for that
If you are getting the following error then check the corresponding solution for that.
If 10 consecutive unexpected WPS errors are encountered, a warning message will be shown. Since this may be a sign that the AP is rate limiting pin attempts, a waiting command can be issued that will occur whenever these warning messages appears by issuing the following command:
reaver -i mon0 -b :: --fail-wait 360
The default receive timeout period is 5 seconds. This timeout period can be set manually if necessary minimum timeout period is 1 second :
The default delay period between pin attempts is 1 second. This value can be increased or decreased to any value. Please note that 0 means no delay:
So here ends the tutorial on how to crack wireless network easily using reaver. Good Luck Hacking
WPA WPA2 cracking with BackTrack 5 R3 New Video https://www.youtube.com/watch.v Y5_-OW1OQPQ.
This tutorial explains in detail how to hack WPA / WPA2 encrypted networks using Backtrack 5. Detailed.
Jan 07, 2012 Dans cette vidéo vous allez apprendre comment cracker un mot de passe wifi de type WPA ou WPA2 en utilisant BackTrack5. Pour télécharger des wordlist.
May 17, 2011 airmon-ng start wlan0 airodump-ng mon0 copy BSSID and CHANNEL New Client airodump-ng -w wep -c channel --bssid INPUT mon0 New Client aireplay-ng -1 0 -a.
Rj48 To Serial Pins
Find great deals on eBay for rj48 cable rj48 connector. Shop with confidence.
10 items Amazon.com: rj45 to serial. RS232 9-Pin Serial to RJ45 Cat5 Ethernet. Industrial Scientific: See all 1,875 items. Cisco Console Cable RJ45-to-DB9. by.
IBM RJ48 9-Pin Serial Cable NEW Bulk 21P3740 Product Information Item Weight 1 pounds Shipping Weight 1 pounds View shipping rates and policies Manufacturer.
RJ45 vs RJ48 Most people can easily identify between an RJ11 and an RJ45 wiring, and point out the differences and specific uses of each. But when it comes to.
Use this DB9 to RJ45 adapter, also called a rs232 to rj45 converter or simply a rj45 serial adapter, to convert any standard 9-pin DB port to a standard RJ45 port.
Tech Stuff - RS-232 Cables, Wiring and Pinouts. Like most folks we use the term DB9 which is widely - but erroneously - coined to describe a 9-pin serial connector.
RS232 - V.24/V.28 - IS2110 - X.20 bis for Async - X.21 bis for Sync
In this document the term RS232 will be used when refered to this serial interface. The
description of RS232 is an EIA/TIA norm and is identical to CCITT V.24/V.28, X.20bis/X.21bis and ISO IS2110. The only difference is that CCITT has split the interface into its electrical description V.28 and a
mechanical part V.24 or Asynchronous X.20 bis and Synchronous X.21 bis where the EIA/TIA describes everything under RS232.
As said before RS232 is a serial interface. It can be found in many different
applications where the most common ones are modems and Personal Computers. All pinning specifications are writen for the DTE side.
All DTE-DCE cables are straight through meaning the pins are connected one
on one. DTE-DTE and DCE-DCE cables are cross cables. To make a destiction between all different types of cables we have to use a naming convention.
DCE - DCE: Tail Circuit Cable Interface Mechanical
RS232 can be found on different connectors. There are special specifications for this. The CCITT
only defines a Sub-D 25 pins version where the EIA/TIA has two versions RS232C and RS232D which are resp. on a Sub-D25 and a RJ45. Next to this IBM has added a Sub-D 9 version which is
found an almost all Personal Computers and is described in TIA 457.
Transmit Signal Element Timing
Transmitter Signal Element Timing
Receiver Signal Element Timing
Local Loopback / Quality Detector
Secondary Received Line Signal Detector/
Data signal Rate Select DCE Source
All signals are measured in reference to a common ground, which is called the signal ground AB.
A positive voltage between 3 and 15 Vdc represents a logical 0 and a negative voltage between 3 and 15 Vdc represents a logical 1.
This switching between positive and negative is called bipolar. The zero state is not defined in RS232 and is considered a fault condition this happens when a device is turned off.
According to the above a maximum distance of 50 ft or 15 m. can be reached at a maximum speed of 20k bps. This is according to the official specifications, the distance can be exceeded with the
use of Line Drivers.Functional description
Also known as protective ground. This is the chassis ground connection between DTE and DCE.
The reference ground between a DTE and a DCE. Has the value 0 Vdc.
Originated by the DTE to initiate transmission by the DCE.
Send by the DCE as a reply on the RTS after a delay in ms, which gives the DCEs enough time to energize their circuits and synchronize on
Known as DSR. Originated by the DCE indicating that it is basically operating power on, and in functional mode.
Known as DTR. Originated by the DTE to instruct the DCE to setup a connection. Actually it means that the DTE is up and running and ready
A signal from the DCE to the DTE that there is an incomming call telephone is ringing. Only used on switched circuit connections.
Known as DCD. A signal send from DCE to its DTE to indicate that it has received a basic carrier signal from a remote DCE.
A control signal that can be used to change the transmission speed.
Timing signals used by the DTE for transmission, where the clock is originated by the DTE and the DCE is the slave.
Timing signals used by the DTE for transmission.
Timing signals used by the DTE when receiving data.
Originated by the DCE that changes state when the analog signal received from the remote DCE becomes marginal.
The secondary signals are used on some DCE s. Those units have the possibility to transmit and/or
receive on a secondary channel. Those secondary channels are mostly of a lower speed than the normal ones and are mainly used for administrative functions.
Here are some cable pinnings that might be useful. Not all applications are covered, it is just a help:
The connectors used for registered jack installations are primarily the modular connector and the 50-pin RJ48 is a registered jack. for serial computer.
RJ-48 Connector Pinouts For basic serial communications only TxD, Rxd, Pin 1. CTS. Pin 8. Pin 2. DSR. Pin 6. Pin 3. RxD. Pin 2. Pin 4. Gnd.
